A flexible framework for simulating the water balance of lakes and reservoirs from local to global scales: mizuRoute-Lake | Water Resources Research | 2024-05-01 |
Assessing the atmospheric response to subgrid surface heterogeneity in the single-column Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2) | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2024-03-01 |
Accurate assessment of land-atmosphere coupling in climate models requires high-frequency data output | Geoscientific Model Development | 2024-02-29 |
A new process-based and scale-aware desert dust emission scheme for global climate models - Part II: Evaluation in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics | 2024-02-22 |
New features and enhancements in community land model (CLM5) snow albedo modeling: Description, sensitivity, and evaluation | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2024-02-17 |
A bioenergy-focused versus a reforestation-focused mitigation pathway yields disparate carbon storage and climate responses | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2024-02-13 |
Earth system models must include permafrost carbon processes | Nature Climate Change | 2024-01-18 |
Observed humidity trends in dry regions contradict climate models | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2024-01-02 |
Limited mitigation potential of forestation under a high emissions scenario: Results from multi-model and single model ensembles. | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences | 2023-12-01 |
Matrix approach to accelerate spin-up of CLM5 | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2023-08-01 |
Is land use producing robust signals in future projections from Earth system models, all else being equal? | Environmental Research Letters | 2023-08-01 |
A new process-based and scale-aware desert dust emission scheme for global climate models – Part I: Description and evaluation against inverse modeling emissions | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics | 2023-06-14 |
Impact of solar geoengineering on wildfires in the 21st century in CESM2/WACCM6 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics | 2023-05-01 |
Biogeophysical effects of land-use and land-cover change not detectable in warmest month | Journal of Climate | 2023-03-15 |
Biophysical impact of land-use and land-cover change on subgrid temperature in CMIP6 models | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2023-03-01 |
Impacts of shifting phenology on boundary layer dynamics in North America in the CESM | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology | 2023-03-01 |
Moving land models toward more actionable science: A novel application of the Community Terrestrial Systems Model across Alaska and the Yukon River Basin | Water Resources Research | 2023-01-01 |
High-latitude stratospheric aerosol injection to preserve the Arctic | Earth's Future | 2023-01-01 |
Implementation and evaluation of irrigation techniques in the Community Land Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2022-12-01 |
Fire aerosols slow down the global water cycle | Journal of Climate | 2022-11-15 |
The role of irrigation expansion on historical climate change: Insights from CMIP6 | Earth's Future | 2022-11-01 |
Permafrost and climate change: Carbon cycle feedbacks from the warming Arctic | Annual Review of Environment and Resources | 2022-10-17 |
Uncertainty in land carbon budget simulated by terrestrial biosphere models: The role of atmospheric forcing | Environmental Research Letters | 2022-09-01 |
Diffuse radiation forcing constraints on gross primary productivity and global terrestrial evapotranspiration | Earth's Future | 2022-08-05 |
A comparison of land surface phenology in the Northern Hemisphere derived from satellite remote sensing and the Community Land Model | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2022-06-01 |
Evaluating a reservoir parametrization in the vector-based global routing model mizuRoute (v2.0.1) for Earth system model coupling | Geoscientific Model Development | 2022-06-01 |
Multi-century dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios | Earth System Dynamics | 2022-05-16 |
Future bioenergy expansion could alter carbon sequestration potential and exacerbate water stress in the United States | Science Advances | 2022-05-04 |
Deforestation-induced climate change reduces carbon storage in remaining tropical forests | Nature Communications | 2022-04-12 |
Improvements in wintertime surface temperature variability in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) related to the representation of snow density | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2022-04-01 |
Tripling of western US particulate pollution from wildfires in a warming climate | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2022-03-28 |
Impacts of a revised surface roughness parameterization in the Community Land Model 5.1 | Geoscientific Model Development | 2022-03-21 |
Tundra vegetation change and impacts on permafrost | Nature Reviews Earth & Environment | 2022-01-11 |
Seasonal to multi-year soil moisture drought forecasting | npj Climate and Atmospheric Science | 2021-12-12 |
Simulating the impact of global reservoir expansion on the present‐day climate | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres | 2021-08-27 |
Coupled climate responses to recent Australian wildfire and COVID‐19 emissions anomalies estimated in CESM2 | Geophysical Research Letters | 2021-08-01 |
Advances in land surface modelling | Current Climate Change Reports | 2021-06-01 |
Strong local evaporative cooling over land due to atmospheric aerosols | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2021-05-01 |
Representation of plant hydraulics in the NOAH-MP Land Surface Model: Model development and multiscale evaluation | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2021-04-01 |
Compatible fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the CMIP6 Earth System Models' historical and shared socioeconomic pathway experiments of the twenty-first century | Journal of Climate | 2021-04-01 |
Impacts of large-scale soil moisture anomalies on the hydroclimate of southeastern South America | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2021-03-01 |
Representing intercell lateral groundwater flow and aquifer pumping in the Community Land Model | Water Resources Research | 2021-01-01 |
A machine learning approach to emulation and biophysical parameter estimation with the Community Land Model, version 5 | Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography | 2020-12-22 |
Soil carbon sequestration simulated in CMIP6-LUMIP models: Implications for climatic mitigation | Environmental Research Letters | 2020-12-16 |
Global climate response to idealized deforestation in CMIP6 models | Biogeosciences | 2020-11-18 |
Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850–2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6 | Geoscientific Model Development | 2020-11-10 |
Full implementation of matrix approach to biogeochemistry module of CLM5 | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2020-11-01 |
Land use and land cover change strongly modulates land‐atmosphere coupling and warm‐season precipitation over the central United States in CESM2‐VR | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2020-09-18 |
Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models | Biogeosciences | 2020-08-18 |
Simulating agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5 | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences | 2020-08-07 |
Observed changes in dry-season water availability attributed to human-induced climate change | Nature Geoscience | 2020-07-29 |
The GLACE-Hydrology Experiment: Effects of land-atmosphere coupling on soil moisture variability and predictability | Journal of Climate | 2020-07-01 |
Global heat uptake by inland waters | Geophysical Research Letters | 2020-06-28 |
Towards a multiscale crop modelling framework for climate change adaptation assessment | Nature Plants | 2020-04-15 |
Plant growth nullifies the effect of increased water‐use efficiency on streamflow under elevated CO2 in the southeastern United States | Geophysical Research Letters | 2020-02-28 |
The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2020-02-06 |
Soil moisture and hydrology projections of the permafrost region – a model intercomparison | The Cryosphere | 2020-02-05 |
Carbon release through abrupt permafrost thaw | Nature Geoscience | 2020-02-03 |
Warming of hot extremes alleviated by expanding irrigation | Nature Communications | 2020-01-15 |
The potential to reduce uncertainty in regional runoff projections from climate models | Nature Climate Change | 2019-12-26 |
Ground subsidence effects on simulating dynamic high-latitude surface inundation under permafrost thaw using CLM5 | Geoscientific Model Development | 2019-12-19 |
The Community Land Model Version 5: Description of new features, benchmarking, and impact of forcing uncertainty | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2019-12-12 |
Representing intrahillslope lateral subsurface flow in the Community Land Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2019-12-08 |
Beyond static benchmarking: Using experimental manipulations to evaluate land model assumptions | Global Biogeochemical Cycles | 2019-10-28 |
Model structure and climate data uncertainty in historical simulations of the terrestrial carbon cycle (1850–2014) | Global Biogeochemical Cycles | 2019-10-01 |
Parametric controls on vegetation responses to biogeochemical forcing in the CLM5 | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2019-09-01 |
Biomass heat storage dampens diurnal temperature variations in forests | Environmental Research Letters | 2019-08-01 |
High climate sensitivity in the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) | Geophysical Research Letters | 2019-07-28 |
Infiltration from the Pedon to global grid scales: An overview and outlook for land surface modeling | Vadose Zone Journal | 2019-06-24 |
The response of permafrost and high‐latitude ecosystems under large‐scale stratospheric aerosol injection and its termination | Earth's Future | 2019-06-14 |
Tracking seasonal fluctuations in land water storage using global models and GRACE satellites | Geophysical Research Letters | 2019-05-28 |
Reconciling canopy interception parameterization and rainfall forcing frequency in the Community Land Model for simulating evapotranspiration of rainforests and oil palm plantations in Indonesia | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2019-03-01 |
Implementing plant hydraulics in the Community Land Model, Version 5 | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2019-02-01 |
Hillslope hydrology in global change research and Earth System Modeling | Water Resources Research | 2019-02-01 |
Large influence of soil moisture on long-term terrestrial carbon uptake | Nature | 2019-01-23 |
The impact of biomass heat storage on the canopy energy balance and atmospheric stability in the Community Land Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2019-01-01 |
Utilizing SMAP soil moisture data to constrain irrigation in the Community Land Model | Geophysical Research Letters | 2018-12-16 |
ESM-SnowMIP: Assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks | Geoscientific Model Development | 2018-12-10 |
The International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) system: Design, theory, and implementation | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2018-11-07 |
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming | Environmental Research Letters | 2018-10-02 |
Changes in wood biomass and crop yields in response to projected CO2, O3, nitrogen deposition, and climate | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences | 2018-10-01 |
Cover crops may cause winter warming in snow-covered regions | Geophysical Research Letters | 2018-09-28 |
Attributing the carbon cycle impacts of CMIP5 historical and tuture land use and land cover change in the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences | 2018-05-24 |
Dependence of the evolution of carbon dynamics in the northern permafrost region on the trajectory of climate change | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2018-04-10 |
Improving maize growth processes in the community land model: Implementation and evaluation | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology | 2018-03-15 |
Human impacts on 20th century fire dynamics and implications for global carbon and water trajectories | Global and Planetary Change | 2018-03-01 |
A comparison of the Diel cycle of modeled and measured latent heat flux during the warm season in a Colorado subalpine forest | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2018-03-01 |
Verification of land–atmosphere coupling in forecast models, reanalyses, and land surface models using flux site observations | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2018-02-01 |
Detecting the permafrost carbon feedback: Talik formation and increased cold-season respiration as precursors to sink-to-source transitions | The Cryosphere | 2018-01-12 |
Matrix approach to land carbon cycle modeling: A case study with the Community Land Model | Global Change Biology | 2017-11-28 |
Improving the representation of polar snow and firn in the Community Earth System Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2017-11-16 |
Higher climatological temperature sensitivity of soil carbon in cold than warm climates | Nature Climate Change | 2017-10-30 |
Sensitivities of land cover-precipitation feedback to convective triggering | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2017-08-01 |
Representing subgrid convective initiation in the Community Earth System Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2017-07-22 |
Corrigendum: Impact of fire on global land surface air temperature and energy budget for the 20th century due to changes within ecosystems (2017 044014) | Environmental Research Letters | 2017-06-01 |
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric | The Cryosphere | 2017-04-20 |
Impact of fire on global land surface air temperature and energy budget for the 20th century due to changes within ecosystems | Environmental Research Letters | 2017-04-01 |
Role of fire in the global land water budget during the Twentieth Century due to changing ecosystems | Journal of Climate | 2017-03-01 |
Present-day irrigation mitigates heat extremes | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres | 2017-02-16 |
Terrestrial ecosystem model performance in simulating productivity and its vulnerability to climate change in the northern permafrost region | Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences | 2017-02-01 |
Interactions between land use change and carbon cycle feedbacks | Global Biogeochemical Cycles | 2017-01-01 |
Evaluating the strength of the land-atmosphere moisture feedback in Earth system models using satellite observations | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences | 2016-12-09 |
The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) contribution to CMIP6: Rationale and experimental design | Geoscientific Model Development | 2016-09-02 |
LS3MIP (v1.0) contribution to CMIP6: The Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project – Aims, setup and expected outcome | Geoscientific Model Development | 2016-08-24 |
Evaluation of air-soil temperature relationships simulated by land surface models during winter across the permafrost region | The Cryosphere | 2016-08-11 |
Detecting regional patterns of changing CO₂ flux in Alaska | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2016-07-12 |
Variability in the sensitivity among model simulations of permafrost and carbon dynamics in the permafrost region between 1960 and 2009 | Global Biogeochemical Cycles | 2016-07-01 |
Assessing the use of subgrid land model output to study impacts of land cover change | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres | 2016-06-16 |
Implementing and evaluating variable soil thickness in the Community Land Model, Version 4.5 (CLM4.5) | Journal of Climate | 2016-05-01 |
Terrestrial contribution to the heterogeneity in hydrological changes under global warming | Water Resources Research | 2016-04-01 |
Confronting weather and climate models with observational data from soil moisture networks over the United States | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2016-04-01 |
Diagnostic evaluation of the Community Earth System Model in simulating mineral dust emission with insight into large-scale dust storm mobilization in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) | Aeolian Research | 2016-03-01 |
Modeling the Arctic freshwater system and its integration in the global system: Lessons learned and future challenges | Biogeosciences | 2016-03-01 |
Diagnostic and model dependent uncertainty of simulated Tibetan permafrost area | The Cryosphere | 2016-02-05 |
Are GRACE-era terrestrial water trends driven by anthropogenic climate change? | Advances in Meteorology | 2016-02-01 |
Influence of land-atmosphere feedbacks on temperature and precipitation extremes in the GLACE-CMIP5 ensemble | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres | 2016-01-27 |
Simulated high-latitude soil thermal dynamics during the past 4 decades | The Cryosphere | 2016-01-10 |
Revisiting trends in wetness and dryness in the presence of internal climate variability and water limitations over land | Geophysical Research Letters | 2015-12-28 |
Taking off the training wheels: The properties of a dynamic vegetation model without climate envelopes, CLM4.5(ED) | Geoscientific Model Development | 2015-11-06 |
A GRACE-based assessment of interannual groundwater dynamics in the Community Land Model | Water Resources Research | 2015-11-01 |
A simplified, data-constrained approach to estimate the permafrost carbon–climate feedback | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Series A, Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences | 2015-11-01 |
Improving the representation of hydrologic processes in Earth System Models | Water Resources Research | 2015-08-01 |
The Community Earth System Model (CESM) large ensemble project: A community resource for studying climate change in the presence of internal climate variability | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | 2015-08-01 |
Assessment of model estimates of land-atmosphere CO₂ exchange across Northern Eurasia | Biogeosciences | 2015-07-28 |
Effects of model structural uncertainty on carbon cycle projections: Biological nitrogen fixation as a case study | Environmental Research Letters | 2015-04-25 |
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback | Nature | 2015-04-09 |
Permafrost carbon-climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2015-03-24 |
Interannual coupling between summertime surface temperature and precipitation over land: Processes and implications for climate change | Journal of Climate | 2015-02-01 |
Effects of realistic land surface initializations on subseasonal to seasonal soil moisture and temperature predictability in North America and in changing climate simulated by CCSM4 | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres | 2014-12-16 |
Effects of excess ground ice on projections of permafrost in a warming climate | Environmental Research Letters | 2014-12-08 |
Preindustrial-control and twentieth-century carbon cycle experiments with the Earth System Model CESM1(BGC) | Journal of Climate | 2014-12-01 |
A new synoptic-scale resolving global climate simulation using the Community Earth System Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2014-12-01 |
Assessing a dry surface layer-based soil resistance parameterization for the Community Land Model using GRACE and FLUXNET-MTE data | Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres | 2014-09-16 |
How important is vegetation phenology for European climate and heat waves? | Journal of Climate | 2013-12-01 |
The effect of vertically resolved soil biogeochemistry and alternate soil C and N models on C dynamics of CLM4 | Biogeosciences | 2013-11-11 |
Implementation and initial evaluation of the glimmer community ice sheet model in the community earth system model | Journal of Climate | 2013-10-01 |
The Community Earth System Model: A framework for collaborative research | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | 2013-09-01 |
Climate change projections in CESM1(CAM5) compared to CCSM4 | Journal of Climate | 2013-09-01 |
Diagnosing present and future permafrost from climate models | Journal of Climate | 2013-08-01 |
Technical description of version 4.5 of the Community Land Model (CLM) | NCAR Technical Note | 2013-07-01 |
Expert assessment of vulnerability of permafrost carbon to climate change | Climatic Change | 2013-07-01 |
Projected future changes in vegetation in Western North America in the twenty-first century | Journal of Climate | 2013-06-01 |
Meso- to planetary-scale processes in a Global Ultra-High Resolution Climate Model | Unspecified | 2013-05-14 |
Effects of soil moisture on the responses of soil temperatures to climate change in cold regions | Journal of Climate | 2013-05-01 |
Evaluation of the carbon cycle components in the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) | Geoscientific Model Development | 2013-03-04 |
Sensitivity of wetland methane emissions to model assumptions: Application and model testing against site observations | Biogeosciences | 2012-07-30 |
Thermal optimality of net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and underlying mechanisms | New Phytologist | 2012-05-01 |
Simulating the biogeochemical and biogeophysical impacts of transient land cover change and wood harvest in the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) from 1850 to 2100 | Journal of Climate | 2012-05-01 |
The CCSM4 land simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of surface climate and new capabilities | Journal of Climate | 2012-04-01 |
On the influence of shrub height and expansion on northern high latitude climate | Environmental Research Letters | 2012-03-01 |
Contrasting urban and rural heat stress responses to climate change | Geophysical Research Letters | 2012-02-14 |
Estimating the near-surface permafrost-carbon feedback on global warming | Biogeosciences | 2012-02-03 |
Simulating coupled carbon and nitrogen dynamics following mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the western United States | Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences | 2011-12-23 |
Permafrost response to increasing Arctic shrub abundance depends on the relative influence of shrubs on local soil cooling versus large-scale climate warming | Environmental Research Letters | 2011-10-31 |
The Community Climate System Model, version 4 | Journal of Climate | 2011-10-01 |
Quantifying uncertainties in projections of extremes: A perturbed land surface parameter experiment | Climate Dynamics | 2011-10-01 |
Barriers to predicting changes in global terrestrial methane fluxes: Analyses using CLM4Me, a methane biogeochemistry model integrated in CESM | Biogeosciences | 2011-07-20 |
Improving canopy processes in the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data | Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences | 2011-05-18 |
Parameterization improvements and functional and structural advances in version 4 of the Community Land Model | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems | 2011-05-05 |
The atmospheric response to projected terrestrial snow changes in the late twenty-first century | Journal of Climate | 2010-12-01 |
Observed 20th century desert dust variability: Impact on climate and biogeochemistry | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics | 2010-11-19 |
Arctic Landscapes in Transition: Responses to Thawing Permafrost | Eos | 2010-06-29 |
Fire dynamics during the 20th century simulated by the Community Land Model | Biogeosciences | 2010-06-11 |
The contribution of snow condition trends to future ground climate | Climate Dynamics | 2010-06-01 |
Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multi-model experiment | Geophysical Research Letters | 2010-01-26 |
The seasonal atmospheric response to projected Arctic Sea ice loss in the late twenty-first century | Journal of Climate | 2010-01-15 |
Simulations of the 2004 North American Monsoon: NAMAP2 | Journal of Climate | 2009-12-01 |
How much climate change can be avoided by mitigation? | Geophysical Research Letters | 2009-04-21 |
Examining the interaction of growing crops with local climate using a coupled crop-climate model | Journal of Climate | 2009-03-15 |
Issues related to incorporating northern peatlands into global climate models | Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands | 2009-01-01 |
Potential for abrupt changes in atmospheric methane | Abrupt Climate Change | 2008-12-15 |
Accelerated Arctic land warming and permafrost degradation during rapid sea ice loss | Geophysical Research Letters | 2008-06-13 |
The sensitivity of a model projection of near-surface permafrost degradation to soil column depth and inclusion of soil organic matter | Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface | 2008-05-06 |
Use of FLUXNET in the Community Land Model development | Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences | 2008-03-19 |
Improvements to the Community Land Model and their impact on the hydrological cycle | Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences | 2008-03-12 |
Incorporating organic soil into a global climate model | Climate Dynamics | 2008-02-01 |
The partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration, soil evaporation, and canopy evaporation in a GCM: Impacts on land-atmosphere interaction | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2007-08-01 |
An evaluation of deep soil configurations in the CLM3 for improved representation of permafrost | Geophysical Research Letters | 2007-05-02 |
Improved modeling of permafrost dynamics in a GCM land-surface scheme | Geophysical Research Letters | 2007-04-18 |
Development and assessment of a coupled crop-climate model | Global Change Biology | 2007-01-01 |
Reply to comment by C.R. Burn and F.E. Nelson on "A projection of near-surface permafrost degradation during the 21st century" | Geophysical Research Letters | 2006-11-01 |
Soil moisture memory in AGCM simulations: Analysis of global land-atmosphere coupling experiments (GLACE) data | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2006-10-01 |
GLACE: The Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment. 1. Overview | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2006-08-01 |
GLACE: The global land-atmosphere coupling experiment. Part II: Analysis | Journal of Hydrometeorology | 2006-08-01 |
Monsoon regimes in CCSM3 | Journal of Climate | 2006-06-01 |
A projection of severe near-surface permafrost degradation during the 21st century | Geophysical Research Letters | 2005-12-17 |