Publications
Arthur D. Richmond
Web of Science ResearcherID V-2118-2017
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-1023
Scopus Author ID 7103083539
2022 August 3
Richmond, A.D. (1969). Relation of the westward drift of the geomagnetic field to the rotation of the earth's core. Journal of Geophysical Research, 74, 3013-3018. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA074i011p03013
Richmond, A.D. (1970). Geomagnetic crochets and ionospheric tidal winds, Ph.D. thesis. Department of Meteorology, University of California at Los Angeles.
Richmond, A.D. (1971). Tidal winds at ionospheric heights. Radio Science, 6, 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS006i002p00175
Richmond, A.D., & Venkateswaran, S.V. (1971). Geomagnetic crochets and associated ionospheric current systems. Radio Science, 6, 139-164. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS006i002p00139
Richmond, A.D. (1972). Numerical model of the equatorial electrojet (AFCRL 72-0668). Bedford, MA: Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ss3c9V8cCWkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=AFCRL+...
Schieldge, J.P., Venkateswaran, S.V., & Richmond, A.D. (1973). The ionospheric dynamo and equatorial magnetic variations. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 35, 1045-1061. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(73)90004-4
Richmond, A.D. (1973). Equatorial electrojet - I. Development of a model including winds and instabilities. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 35, 1083-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(73)90007-X
Richmond, A.D. (1973). Equatorial electrojet - II. Use of the model to study the equatorial ionosphere, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 35, 1105-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(73)90008-1
Rush, C.M., & Richmond, A.D. (1973). The relationship between the structure of the equatorial anomaly and the strength of the equatorial electrojet. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 35, 1171-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(73)90013-5
Richmond, A.D. (1973). Self-induced motions of thermal plasma in the magnetosphere and the stability of the plasmapause. Radio Science, 8, 1019-1027. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS008i011p01019
Richmond, A.D. (1974). The computation of magnetic effects of field-aligned magnetospheric currents. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 36, 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(74)90044-0
Richmond, A.D. (1975). Energy relations of atmospheric tides and their significance to approximate methods of solution for tides with dissipative forces. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32, 980-987. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<0980:EROATA>2.0.CO;2
Richmond, A.D., & Matsushita, S. (1975). Thermospheric response to a magnetic substorm. Journal of Geophysical Research, 80, 2839-2850. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA080i019p02839
Fambitakoye O., Mayaud, P.N., & Richmond, A.D. (1976). Equatorial electrojet and regular daily variation SR - III. Comparison of observations with a physical model. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 38, 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(76)90118-5
Gagnepain, J., Crochet, M., & Richmond, A.D. (1976). Theory of longitudinal gradients in the equatorial electrojet. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 38, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(76)90094-5
Richmond, A.D., Matsushita, S., & Tarpley, J.D. (1976). On the production mechanism of electric currents and fields in the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 547-555. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA081i004p00547
Richmond, A.D. (1976). Electric field in the ionosphere and plasmasphere on quiet days. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 1447-1450. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA081i007p01447
Gagnepain, J., Crochet, M., & Richmond, A.D. (1977). Comparison of equatorial electrojet models. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 39, 1119-1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(77)90020-4
Paul, M.P., Matsushita, S., & Richmond, A.D. (1977). Ionospheric storm of 4-5 August 1972 in the Asia-Australia-Pacific sector. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 39, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(77)90042-3
Lyons, L.R., & Richmond, A.D. (1978). Low-latitude, E-region ionization by energetic ring current particles. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 2201-2204. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA05p02201
Richmond, A.D. (1978). The nature of gravity wave ducting in the thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 1385-1389. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA04p01385
Richmond, A.D. (1978). Gravity wave production, propagation, and dissipation in the thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 4131-4145. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA09p04131
Roble, R.G., Richmond, A.D., Oliver, W.L., & Harper, R.M. (1978). Ionospheric effects of the gravity wave launched by the September 19, 1974 sudden commencement. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 999-1009. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA03p00999
Kroehl, H.W., & Richmond, A.D. (1979). Magnetic substorm characteristics described by magnetic potential maps for 26-28 March 1976. In S.-I. Akasofu (Ed.), Dynamics of the Magnetosphere (pp. 269-286). Hingham, MA: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
Marriott, R.T., Richmond, A.D., & Venkateswaran, S.V. (1979). The quiet-time equatorial electrojet and counter-electrojet. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 31, 311-340. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.31.311
Richmond, A.D. (1979). Large-amplitude gravity wave energy production and dissipation in the thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 1880-1890. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA084iA05p01880
Richmond, A.D. (1979). Thermospheric heating in a magnetic storm: Dynamic transport of energy from high to low latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 5259-5266. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA084iA09p05259
Richmond, A.D. (1979). Ionospheric wind dynamo theory: A review. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 31, 287-310. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.31.287
Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1979). Dynamic effects of aurora-generated gravity waves on the midlatitude ionosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 41, 841-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(79)90127-2
Richmond, A.D., Kroehl, H.W., Henning, M.A., & Kamide, Y. (1979). Magnetic potential plots over the northern hemisphere for 26-28 March 1976. World Data Center A for Solar Terrestrial Physics, Report UAG-71 (115 pp.). Boulder, CO: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center.
Blanc, M., & Richmond, A.D. (1980). The ionospheric disturbance dynamo. Journal of Geophysical Research, 85, 1669-1686. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA085iA04p01669
Richmond, A.D., Blanc, M., Emery, B.A., Wand, R.H., Fejer, B.G., Woodman, R.F., Ganguly, S., Amayenc, P., Behnke, R.A., Calderon, C., & Evans, J.V. (1980). An empirical model of quiet-day ionospheric electric fields at middle and low latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 85, 4658-4664. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA085iA09p04658
Kamide, Y., Richmond, A.D., & Matsushita, S. (1981). Estimation of ionospheric electric fields, ionospheric currents, and field-aligned currents from ground magnetic records. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 801-813. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA086iA02p00801
Roble, R.G., & Richmond, A.D. (1981). The earth's thermosphere. In S.-I. Akasofu, & Y. Kamide (Eds.), Space Science-Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Field (pp. 100-111). Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Shimbun.
Anderson, D.N., Richmond, A.D., Balsley, B.B., Roble, R.G., Biondi, M.A., & Sipler, D.P. (1982). In-situ generated gravity waves as a possible seeding mechanism for equatorial spread-F. Geophysical Research Letters, 9, 789-792. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL009i007p00789
Kamide, Y., & Richmond, A.D. (1982). Ionospheric conductivity dependence of electric fields and currents estimated from ground magnetic observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 8331-8337. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA087iA10p08331
Kamide, Y., Ahn, B.-H., Akasofu, S.-I., Baumjohann, W., Friis-Christensen, E., Kroehl, H.W., Maurer, H., Richmond, A.D., Rostoker, G., Spiro, R.W., Walker, J.K., & Zaitzev, A.N. (1982). Global distribution of ionospheric and field-aligned currents during substorms as determined from the IMS meridian chains of magnetometers: Initial results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 8228-8240. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA087iA10p08228
Kamide, Y., Kroehl, H.W., Richmond, A.D., Ahn, B.-H., Akasofu, S.-I., Baumjohann, W., Friis-Christensen, E., Matsushita, S., Maurer, H., Rostoker, G., Spiro, R.W., Walker, J.K., & Zaitzev, A.N. (1982). Changes in the global electric fields and currents for March 17-19, 1978 from six IMS meridian chains of magnetometers. World Data Center A for Solar Terrestrial Physics, Report UAG-87 (102 pp.). Boulder, CO: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center.
Richmond, A.D. (1982). Book review of "Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere" by S. Kato. EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 63, 279.
Kamide, Y., & Richmond, A.D. (1983). Estimation of electric fields and currents from ground-based magnetometer data. In T.A. Potemra (Ed.), Magnetospheric Currents (pp. 67-76). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM028p0067
Kamide, Y., Kroehl, H.W., Hausman, B.A., McPherron, R.L., Akasofu, S.-I., Richmond, A.D., Reiff, P.H., & Matsushita, S. (1983). Numerical modeling of ionospheric parameters from global IMS magnetometer data for the CDAW-6 intervals. World Data Center A for Solar Terrestrial Physics, Report UAG-88. Boulder, CO: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center.
Richmond, A.D. (1983). Ionospheric electrodynamics and irregularities: A review of contributions by U.S. scientists from 1979 to 1982. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 21, 234-241. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG021i002p00234
Richmond, A.D. (1983). Thermospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. In R.L. Carovillano & J.M. Forbes (Eds.), Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Principles and Theoretical Foundations (pp. 523-607). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7194-3_21
Richmond, A.D., and W. Baumjohann (1984). Three-dimensional analysis of magnetometer array data. Journal of Geophysics, 54, 138-156.
Schunk, R., Barakat, A.R., Carlson, H., Evans, J.V., Greenwald, R., Kelley, M.C., Potemra, T., Rees, M.H., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1984). Assessment of plasma transport and convection at high latitudes. In Solar Terrestrial Physics: Present and Future, (Ref. Publ. 1120, pp. 11-1 - 11-36). NASA.
Friis-Christensen, E., Kamide, Y., Richmond, A.D., & Matsushita, S. (1985). Interplanetary magnetic field control of high-latitude electric fields and currents determined from Greenland magnetometer data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 1324-1338. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA090iA02p01325
Murison, M., Richmond, A.D., Matsushita, S., & Baumjohann, W. (1985). Estimation of ionospheric electric fields and currents from a regional magnetometer array. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 3525-3530. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA090iA04p03525
Richmond, A.D. (1985). Book review of "Atmospheric Electrodynamics" by H. Volland. Science, 228, 572-573.
Kamide, Y., & Richmond, A.D. (1986). Recent advances in studies of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 38, 653-714. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.38.653
Richmond, A.D. (1986). Upper atmospheric electric field sources. In The Earth's Electrical Environment (pp. 195-205). Washington, DC: National Research Council. https://www.nap.edu/898
Kamide, Y., & Richmond, A.D. (1987). Comment on "Ionospheric convection associated with discrete levels of particle precipitation," Geophysical Research Letters, 14, 158-159. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL014i002p00158
Mazaudier, C., Richmond, A.D., & Brinkman, D. (1987). On thermospheric winds produced by auroral heating during magnetic storms and associated dynamo electric fields. Annales Geophysicae, 5A, 443-448.
Richmond, A.D. (1987). The ionosphere. In S.-I. Akasofu & Y. Kamide (Eds.), The Solar Wind and the Earth (pp. 123-140). Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing Company.
Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1987). Electrodynamic effects of thermospheric winds from the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 12,365-12,376. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA092iA11p12365
Ahn, B.-H., Friis-Christensen, E., Gorney, D.J., Kamide, Y., Kroehl, H.W., Mizera, P.F., Richmond, A.D., Sucksdorf, C.G., & Wells, C.D. (1988). Numerical modeling of polar ionospheric electrodynamics for July 23-24, 1983 utilizing ionospheric conductances deduced from DMSP X-ray images. World Data Center A for Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Report UAG-97 (133 pp.). Boulder, CO: NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center.
Duboin, M.-L, Lafeuille, M., Richmond, A.D., & Rouchette, P. (1988). Étude statistique des vents neutres en region F au-dessus de Saint-Santin. Document de Travail DT/CRPE/1158. St. Maur, France: Centre de Recherches en Physique de l'Environnement Terrestre et Planétaire.
Richmond, A.D., & Kamide, Y. (1988). Mapping electrodynamic features of the high-latitude ionosphere from localized observations: Technique. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 5741-5759. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA06p05741
Richmond, A.D., Kamide, Y., Ahn, B.-H., Akasofu, S.-I., Alcaydé, D., Blanc, M., de la Beaujardière, O., Evans, D.S., Foster, J.C., Friis-Christensen, E., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Holt, J.M., Knipp, D., Kroehl, H.W., Lepping, R.P., Pellinen, R.J., Senior, C., & Zaitzev, A.N. (1988). Mapping electrodynamic features of the high-latitude ionosphere from localized observations: Combined incoherent-scatter radar and magnetometer measurements for 1984 January 18-19. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 5760-5776. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA06p05760
Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1988). Dynamics of the thermosphere. In C.H. Liu & B. Edwards (Eds.), World Ionosphere/Thermosphere Study (pp. 39-47). Urbana, IL: SCOSTEP.
Forbes, J.M., Fritts, D., Garcia, R., & Richmond, A. (1988). Lower thermosphere coupling. In C.H. Liu & B. Edwards (Eds.), World Ionosphere/Thermosphere Study (pp. 154-158). Urbana, IL: SCOSTEP.
Roble, R.G., Ridley, E.C., Richmond, A.D., & Dickinson, R.E. (1988). A coupled thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model. Geophysical Research Letters, 15, 1325-1328. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL015i012p01325
Sica, R.J., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., Chakrabarti, S., & Wickwar, V.B. (1988). The first CEDAR data base report (Tech. Note NCAR/TN-308+STR). Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Knipp, D.J., Richmond, A.D., Crowley, G., de la Beaujardière, O., Friis-Christensen, E., Evans, D.S., Foster, J.C., McCrea, I.W., Rich, F.J., & Waldock, J.A. (1989). Electrodynamic patterns for September 19, 1984. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 16,913-16,923. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA094iA12p16913
Richmond, A.D. (1989). Modeling the ionospheric wind dynamo: A review. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 131, 413-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00876837
Berkey, J.E., Richmond, A.D., Barnes, R.M., Gonzalez, S., & Tepley, C.A. (1990). Solar cycle variations in $F$ region electrodynamic drifts at Arecibo. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 4303-4306. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA04p04303
Emery, B.A., Richmond, A.D., Kroehl, H.W., Wells, C.D., Ruohoniemi, J.M., Lester, M., Knipp, D.J., Rich, F.J., Foster, J.C., de la Beaujardière, O., Senior, C., Shier, L.M., McKee, J.F., & Maeda, S. (1990). Electric potential patterns deduced for the SUNDIAL period of September 23-26, 1986. Annales Geophysicae, 8, (6), 399-408.
Richmond, A.D., Kamide, Y., Akasofu, S.-I., Alcaydé, D., Blanc, M., de la Beaujardière, O., Evans, D.S., Foster, J.C., Friis-Christensen, E., Holt, J.M., Pellinen, R.J., Senior, C., & Zaitzev, A.N. (1990). Global measures of ionospheric electrodynamic activity inferred from combined incoherent scatter radar and ground magnetometer observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 1061-1071. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA02p01061
Van Baelen, J.S., Tsuda, T., Richmond, A.D., Avery, S.K., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1990). Comparison of VHF doppler beam swinging and spaced antenna observations with the MU radar: First results. Radio Science, 25, 629-640. https://doi.org/10.1029/RS025i004p00629
Van Baelen, J.S., Richmond, A.D., Avery, S.K., Tsuda, T., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1991). Three-dimensional VHF radar interferometry for wind profiling in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere: theory and first results. In Seventh Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, New Orleans.
Van Baelen, J.S., Tsuda, T., Richmond, A.D., Avery, S.K., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1991). A comparison of atmospheric radar techniques with the MU Radar: doppler beam swinging vs spaced antenna and interferometry. In Seventh Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, New Orleans.
Fesen, C.G., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1991). Auroral effects on midlatitude semidiurnal tides. Geophysical Research Letters, 18, 412-415. https://doi.org/10.1029/90GL02586
Knipp, D.J., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B., Crooker, N.U., de la Beaujardière, O., Evans, D., & Kroehl, H. (1991). Ionospheric convection response to changing IMF direction. Geophysical Research Letters, 18, 721-724. https://doi.org/10.1029/90GL02592
Richmond, A.D. (1991). The neutral upper atmosphere. In J.A. Jacobs (Ed.) Geomagnetism, (Vol. 4, pp. 403-479). New York: Academic Press.
Van Baelen, J.S., & Richmond, A.D. (1991). Radar interferometry technique: Three-dimensional wind measurement theory. Radio Science, 26, 1209-1218. https://doi.org/10.1029/91RS01229
Van Baelen, J.S., Richmond, A.D., Tsuda, T., Avery, S.K., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1991). VHF radar interferometry and anisotropy of the echo power distribution. In 5th Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar, Aberystwyth, Wales.
Van Baelen, J.S., Richmond, A.D., Tsuda, T., Avery, S.K., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1991). Radar interferometry technique and anisotropy of the echo-power distribution: First results. Radio Science, 26, 1315-1326. https://doi.org/10.1029/91RS01230
Richmond, A.D. (1991). The ionospheric wind dynamo: Recent progress and remaining research problems. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 43, Supplement1, 433-440. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.43.Supplement1_433
Van Baelen, J.S., Tsuda, T., Richmond, A.D., Avery, S.K., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1991). Comparison of simultaneous VHF SA and RI wind measurements with DBS results in the troposphere and lower stratosphere using the MU radar. In 5th Workshop on Technical and Scientific Aspects of MST Radar, Aberystwyth, Wales.
Gavrilov, N.M., Richmond, A.D., Van Baelen, J., Tsuda, T., Kato, S., Fukao, S., & Yamamoto, M. (1991). Investigation of internal gravity wave motions in the troposphere and stratosphere with the MU radar. In Eighth Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Waves and Stability (pp. 308-311), Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society.
Kamide, Y., & Richmond, A.D. (1991). Ground-based studies of sensing magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions: Convection and substorms. In Proceedings of the Cluster Workshop, Svalbard, Norway, (ESA SP-330). Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESTEC.
Knipp, D.J., Richmond, A.D., & Crooker, N.U. (1991). Reply to the comment by Lockwood and Cowley on "Ionospheric convection response to changing IMF direction." Geophysical Research Letters, 18, 2175-2176. https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL02546
Brinkman, D.G., Walterscheid, R.L., Richmond, A.D., & Venkateswaran S.V. (1992). Wave mean flow interaction in the storm-time thermosphere: A two-dimensional model simulation. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 49, 660-680. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<0660:WFIITS>2.0.CO;2
Richmond, A.D. (1992). Assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics. Advances in Space Research, 12, (6)59-(6)68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90040-5
Richmond, A.D., Ridley, E.C., & Roble, R.G. (1992). A thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model with coupled electrodynamics. Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 601-604. https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL00401
Szuszczewicz, E.P., Fejer, B., Roelof, E., Schunk, R., Wolf, R., Abdu, M., Bateman, T., Blanchard, P., Emery, B.A., Feldstein, A., Hanbaba, R., Joselyn, J., Kikuchi, T., Leitinger, R., Lester, M., Sobral, J., Reddy, B.M., Richmond, A.D., Sica, R., Walker, G.O., & Wilkinson, P. (1992). Modelling and measurement of global-scale ionospheric behavior under solar minimum, equinoctial conditions. Advances in Space Research, 12, (6)105-(6)115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90045-Y
Crain, D.J., Heelis, R.A., Bailey, G.J., & Richmond, A.D. (1993). Low latitude plasma drifts from a simulation of the global atmospheric dynamo. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 6039-6046. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JA02196
Peymirat, C., & Richmond, A.D. (1993). Modeling the ion loss effect on the generation of region 2 field-aligned currents via equivalent magnetospheric conductances. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 15,467-15,476. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA01034
Fesen, C.G., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1993). Theoretical effects of geomagnetic activity on thermospheric tides. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 15599-15612. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA01188
Knipp, D.J., Emery, B.A., Richmond, A.D., Crooker, N.U., Hairston, M.R., Cumnock, J.A., Denig, W., Rich, F., de la Beaujardière, O., Ruohoniemi, M., Rodger, A., Crowley, G., Ahn, B.-H., Evans, D.S., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Friis-Christensen, E., Lockwood, M., Kroehl, H., Maclennan, C.G., McEwin, A., Pellinen, R., Morris, R.J., Burns, G.B., Papitashvili, V., Zaitzev, A., Troshichev, O., Sato, N., Sutcliffe, P., & Tomlinson, L. (1993). Ionospheric convection response to slow, strong variations in a northward interplanetary magnetic field: a case study for 14 January 1988. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 19273-19292. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA01010
Correction (1994): Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 6541. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03571
Amory-Mazaudier, C., Vila, P., Achache, J., Achy-Séka, A., Albouy, Y., Blanc, E., Boka, K., Bouvet, J., Cohen, Y., Dukhan, M., Doumouya, V., Fambitakoye, O., Gendrin, R., Goutelard, C., Hamoudi, M., Hanbaba, R., Hougninou, E., Huc, C., Kakou, K., Kobea Toka, A., Lassudrie-Duchesne, P., Mbipom, E., Menvielle, M., Ogunade, S.O., Onwumechili, C.A., Oyinloye, J.O., Rees, D., Richmond, A., Sambou, E., Schmucker, E., Tireford, J.L., & Vassal, J. (1993). International Equatorial Electrojet Year: the African sector. Revista Brasileira de Geofísica, 11, Especial, 303-317. https://doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v11i3.1152
Knipp, D.J., Emery, B.A., Richmond, A.D., & Hairston, M.R. (1994). Mapping ionospheric convection response to IMF By negative and Bz positive conditions. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 56, 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)90032-9
Gavrilov, N.M., Richmond, A.D., Bertin, F., & Lafeuille, M. (1994). Investigation of seasonal and interannual variations of internal gravity wave intensity in the thermosphere over Saint Santin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 6297-6306. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03164
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., Reiff, P.H., de la Beaujardière, O., Rich, F.J., Denig, W.F., Kroehl, H.W., Lyons, L.R., Ruohoniemi, J.M., Friis-Christensen, E., Opgenoorth, H., Persson, M.A.L., Lepping, R.P., Rodger, A.S., Hughes, T., McEwin, A., Dennis, S., Morris, R., Burns, G., & Tomlinson, L., (1994). Interhemispheric asymmetry of the high-latitude ionospheric convection pattern. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 6491-6510. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03441
Kamide, Y., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., Hutchins, C.F., Ahn, B.-H., de la Beaujardière, O., Foster, J.C., Heelis, R.A., Kroehl, H.W., Rich, F.J., & Slavin, J.A. (1994). Ground-based studies of ionospheric convection associated with substorm expansion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 19,451-19,466. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JA01625
Sato, M., Kamide, Y., Richmond, A.D., Brekke, A., & Nozawa, S. (1995). Regional estimation of electric fields and currents in the polar ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 283-286. https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL03076
Richmond, A.D. (1995). The ionospheric wind dynamo: effects of its coupling with different atmospheric regions. In R.M. Johnson & T.L. Killeen (Eds.), The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory, Geophysical Monograph (Vol. 87, pp. 49-65). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM087p0049
Richmond, A.D. (1995). Ionospheric electrodynamics. In H. Volland (Ed.), Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics (Vol. II, pp. 249-290). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Richmond, A.D. (1995). Ionospheric electrodynamics using Magnetic Apex Coordinates. Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity, 47, 191-212. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.47.191
Richmond, A.D. (1995). Modeling equatorial ionospheric electric fields. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 57, 1103-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)00126-9
Cooper, M.L., Clauer, C.R., Emery, B.A., Richmond, A.D., & Winningham, J.D. (1995). A storm time assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics analysis for the severe geomagnetic storm of November 8-9, 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 19,329-19,342. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JA01402
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., & Roble R.G. (1995). Magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling: effect of neutral wind on energy transfer and field-aligned current. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 19,643-19,659. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JA00766
Richmond, A.D. (1996). Space weather research prompts study of ionosphere and upper atmospheric electrodynamics. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 77, 101-104. https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00066
Reproduced as: Richmond, A.D. (1998). The ionosphere and upper atmosphere. In S.T. Suess & B.T. Tsurutani (Eds.), From the Sun: Auroras, Magnetic Storms, Solar Flares, Cosmic Rays (pp. 35-44). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/SP050p0035
Troshichev, O.A., Shishkina, E.M., Lu, G., & Richmond, A.D. (1996). The relationship of the ionospheric convection reversal to the hard auroral transition boundary, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 15,423-15,432. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JA01192
Takami, T., Oliver, W.L., Richmond, A.D., & Fukao, S. (1996). Ionospheric drift similarities at magnetic conjugate and non-conjugate locations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 15,773-15,782. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JA01316
Emery, B.A., Lu, G., Szuszczewicz, E.P., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., Richards, P.G., Miller, K.L., Niciejewski, R., Evans, D.S., Rich, F.J., Denig, W.F., Chenette, D.L., Wilkinson, P., Pulinets, S., O'Loughlin, K.F., Hanbaba, R., Abdu, M., Jiao, P., Igarashi, K., & Reddy, B.M. (1996). Assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics in the thermosphere-ionosphere general circulation model comparisons with global ionospheric and thermospheric observations during the GEM/SUNDIAL period of March 28-29, 1992. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 26,681-26,696. https://doi.org/10.1029/96JA01285
Peymirat, C., Fontaine, D., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1996). The electrodynamical couplings between the thermosphere, the ionosphere, and the magnetosphere. In ESA Symposium Proceedings on 'Environment Modelling for Space-based Applications' (ESA SP-392). Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESTEC.
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., & Knipp, D.J. (1997). AMIE procedure and its application. In M. Lockwood & M.N. Wild (Eds.), Satellite-Ground Based Coordination Sourcebook (ESA SP-1198, pp. 15-23). Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESTEC.
Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M.V., Roble, R.G., & Richmond, A.D. (1997). How does the thermosphere and ionosphere react to a geomagnetic storm? In B.T. Tsurutani, W.D. Gonzalez, Y. Kamide, & J.K. Arballo (Eds.), Magnetic Storms, Geophysical Monograph Series (Vol. 98, pp. 203-225). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM098p0203
Stening, R.J., Forbes, J.M., Hagan, M.E., & Richmond, A.D. (1997). Experiments with a lunar atmospheric tidal model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 13,465-13,471. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00778
Lu, G., Siscoe, G.L., Richmond, A.D., Pulkkinen, T.I., Tsyganenko, N.A., Singer, H.J., & Emery, B.A. (1997). Mapping of the ionospheric field-aligned currents to the equatorial magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 14,467-14,476. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA00744
Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1997). Electrodynamic coupling effects in the thermosphere/ionosphere system. Advances in Space Research, 20, 1115-1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00754-0
Richmond, A.D. (1997). Ionosphere-thermosphere interactions at high latitudes. In D. Alcaydé (Ed.), Incoherent Scatter Theory, Practice and Science (Tech. Rep. 97/53, pp. 227-262). Kiruna, Sweden: EISCAT Scientific Association.
Lu, G., Pi, X., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1998). Variations of total electron content during geomagnetic disturbances: A model/observation comparison. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL03778
Correction: https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL02387
Gasda, S., & Richmond, A.D. (1998). Longitudinal and interhemispheric variations of auroral ionospheric electrodynamics in a realistic geomagnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 4011-4021. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03243
Richmond, A.D., Lu, G., Emery, B.A., & Knipp, D.J. (1998). The AMIE procedure: Prospects for space weather specification and prediction. Advances in Space Research, 22, 103-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)01108-3
Ahn, B.-H., Richmond, A.D., Kamide, Y., Kroehl, H.W., Emery, B.A., de la Beaujardière, O., & Akasofu, S.-I. (1998). An ionospheric conductance model based on ground magnetic disturbance data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 14,769-14,780. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA03088
Peymirat, C., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., & Roble, R.G. (1998). A magnetosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general-circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 17,467-17,477. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01235
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Kamide, Y., Lummerzheim, D., Brittnacher, M., & Parks, G. (1998). Global ionospheric convection during substorm expansion. In S. Kokubun & Y. Kamide (Eds.), SUBSTORMS-4 (pp. 617-622). Tokyo: Terra Scientific Publishing Company. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4798-9_129
Stening, R.J., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (1999). Lunar tides in the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA02663
Galand, M., & Richmond, A.D. (1999). Magnetic mirroring in an incident proton beam. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 4447-4455. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JA900123
Richmond, A.D., & Thayer, J.P. (2000). Ionospheric electrodynamics: a tutorial. In R.L. Lysak, M. Hesse, R. Fujii, & S. Ohtani (Eds.), Magnetospheric Current Systems, Geophysical Monograph Series, (Vol. 118, pp. 131-146). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/GM118
Fesen, C.G., Crowley, G., Roble, R.G., Richmond, A.D., & Fejer, B.G. (2000). Simulation of the pre-reversal enhancement in the low latitude vertical ion drifts. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 1851-1854. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL000061
Richmond, A.D., & Lu, G. (2000). Upper-atmospheric effects of magnetic storms: a brief tutorial. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 62, 1115-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00094-8
Kobea, A.T., Richmond, A.D., Emery, B.A., Peymirat, C., Lühr, H., Moretto, T., Hairston, M., & Amory-Mazaudier, C. (2000). Electrodynamic coupling of high and low latitudes: Observations on May 27, 1993. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 22,979-22,989. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000058
Peymirat, C., Richmond, A.D., & Kobea, A.T. (2000). Electrodynamic coupling of high and low latitudes: Simulations of shielding/overshielding effects. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 22,991-23,003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000057
Galand, M., & Richmond, A.D. (2001). Ionospheric electrical conductances produced by auroral proton precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA002001
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Ruohoniemi, J.M., Greenwald, R.A., Hairston, M., Rich, F.J., & Evans, D.S. (2001). An investigation of the influence of data and model inputs on assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 417-433. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000606
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., & Emery, B.A. (2001). Coexistence of ionospheric positive and negative storm phases under northern winter conditions: A case study. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 24,493-24,504. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA000003
Nozawa, S., Liu, H.-L., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R. (2001). Comparison of the auroral E region neutral winds derived with the European Incoherent Scatter radar and predicted by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 24,691-24,700. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900081
Millward, G.H., Müller-Wodarg, I.C.F., Aylward, A.D., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Richmond, A.D., & Moffett, R.J. (2001). An investigation into the influence of tidal forcing on F region equatorial vertical ion drift using a global ionosphere-thermosphere model with coupled electrodynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 24,733-24,744. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JA000342
Richmond, A.D., Habbal, S., & Lee, L.-C. (2002). Editorial. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(A1), 1015. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900181
Peymirat, C., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (2002). Neutral wind influence on the electrodynamic coupling between the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(A1), 1006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JA900106
Richmond, A.D. (2002). Modeling the geomagnetic perturbations produced by ionospheric currents, above and below the ionosphere. Journal of Geodynamics, 33, 143-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-3707(01)00060-6
Richmond, A.D. (2002). Book review of “Physics of the Space Environment,” by T.I. Gombosi. Bulletin of the World Meteorological Organization, 51, 202-203.
Matsuo, T., Richmond, A.D., & Nychka, D.W. (2002). Modes of high-latitude electric field variability derived from DE-2 measurements: Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(7), 1107. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014077
Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Millward, G.H., Richmond, A.D., & Codrescu, M.V. (2002). Storm-time changes in the upper atmosphere at low latitudes. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64, 1383-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00101-3
Hagan, M., Forbes, J., & Richmond, A. (2003). Atmospheric Tides. In J.R. Holton (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (pp. 159-165). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227090-8/00409-7
Matsuo, T., Richmond, A.D., & Hensel, K. (2003). High-latitude ionospheric electric field variability and electric potential derived from DE-2 plasma drift measurements: Dependence on IMF and dipole tilt. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(A1), 1005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009429
Richmond, A.D., Lathuillère, C., & Vennerstroem, S. (2003). Winds in the high-latitude lower thermosphere: Dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(A2), 1006. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009493
Richmond, A.D., Peymirat, C., & Roble, R.G. (2003). Long-lasting disturbances in the equatorial ionospheric electric field simulated with a coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(A3), 1118. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009758
Richmond, A.D. (2003). Book review of “Storms from the Sun,” by M.J. Carlowicz and R.E. Lopez. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 84, 496-497. https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477-84.4.493
Ridley, A.J., Richmond, A.D., Gombosi, T.I., De Zeeuw, D.L., & Clauer, C.R. (2003). Ionospheric control of the magnetospheric configuration: Thermospheric neutral winds. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(A8), 1328. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JA009464
Vichare, G., & Richmond, A.D. (2005). Simulation study of the longitudinal variation of evening vertical ionospheric drifts at the magnetic equator during equinox. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A05304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010720
Huang, C.-M., Richmond, A.D., & Chen, M.-Q. (2005). Theoretical effects of geomagnetic activity on low-latitude ionospheric electric fields. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A05312. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010994
Matsuo, T., Richmond, A.D., & Lu, G. (2005). Optimal interpolation analysis of high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics using empirical orthogonal functions: Estimation of dominant modes of variability and temporal scales of large-scale electric fields. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A06301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010531
Lin, C.H., Richmond, A.D., Liu, J.Y., Yeh, H.C., Paxton, L.J., Lu, G., Tsai, H.F., & Su, S.-Y. (2005). Large scale variations of the low latitude ionosphere during the October-November, 2003 superstorm: Observational results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A09S28. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010900
Maruyama, N., Richmond, A.D., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M.V., Sazykin, S., Toffoletto, F., Spiro, R.W., & Millward, G. (2005). Interaction between direct penetration and disturbance dynamo electric fields in the storm-time equatorial ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L17105. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023763
Nozawa, S., Brekke, A., Maeda, S., Aso, T., Hall, C.M., Ogawa, Y., Buchert, S.C., Röttger, J., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R., & Fujii, R. (2005). Mean winds, tides and quasi-2 day wave in the polar lower thermosphere observed in EISCAT 8 day run data in November 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A12309. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011128
Lin, C.H., Richmond, A., Heelis, R.A., Bailey, G., Lu, G., Liu, J.-Y., Yeh, H.-C., & Su, S.-Y. (2005). Theoretical study of the low and mid-latitude ionospheric electron density enhancement during the October, 2003 superstorm: Relative importance of the neutral wind and the electric field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, A12312. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011304
Kwak, Y.-S., Richmond, A.D., Ahn, B.-H., & Won, Y.-I. (2005). A study on the ionosphere and thermosphere interaction based on NCAR-TIEGCM: dependence of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the momentum forcing in the high-latitude lower thermosphere. Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences, 22(2), 147-174. https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2005.22.2.147
Kwak, Y.-S., & Richmond, A.D. (2007). An analysis of the momentum forcing in the high-latitude lower thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, A01306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA011910
Maruyama, N., Sazykin, S., Spiro, R.W., Anderson, D., Anghel, A., Wolf, R.A., Toffoletto, F.R., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M.V., Richmond, A.D., & Millward, G.H. (2007). Modeling storm-time electrodynamics of the low latitude ionosphere-thermosphere system: can long lasting disturbance electric fields be accounted for? Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 69, 1182-1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.08.020
Kwak, Y.-S., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (2007). Dependence of the high-latitude lower thermospheric momentum forcing on the interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, A06316. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA012208
Richmond, A.D. (2007). Ionosphere. In D. Gubbins & E. Herrero-Bervera (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism (pp. 452-454), Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4423-6_159
Hurtaud, Y., Peymirat, C., & Richmond, A.D. (2007). Modelling seasonal and diurnal effects on the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasma dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, A09217. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012257
Doumbia, V., Maute, A., & Richmond, A.D. (2007). Simulation of equatorial electrojet magnetic effects with the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, A09309. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012308
Hagan, M.E., Maute, A., Roble, R.G., Richmond, A.D., Immel, T.J., & England, S.L. (2007). Connections between deep tropical clouds and the Earth's ionosphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L20109. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030142
Deng, Y., Richmond, A.D., Ridley, A.J., & Liu, H. (2008). Assessment of the non-hydrostatic effect on the upper atmosphere using a general circulation model (GCM). Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L01104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032182
Lei, J., Wang, W., Burns, A.G., Solomon, S.C., Richmond, A.D., Wiltberger, M., Goncharenko, L.P., Coster, A., & Reinisch, B.W. (2008). Observations and simulations of the ionospheric and thermospheric response to the December 2006 geomagnetic storm: Initial phase. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A01314. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012807
Deng, Y., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (2008). Analysis of thermospheric response to magnetospheric inputs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A04301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012840
Matsuo, T., & Richmond, A.D. (2008). Effects of high-latitude ionospheric electric field variability on global thermospheric Joule heating and mechanical energy transfer rate. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A07309. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012993
Cnossen, I., & Richmond, A.D. (2008). Modelling the effects of changes in the Earth's magnetic field from 1957 to 1997 on the ionospheric hmF2 and foF2 parameters. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70, 1512-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.05.003
Lu, G., Goncharenko, L.P., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., & Aponte, N. (2008). A dayside ionospheric positive storm phase driven by neutral winds. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A08304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012895
Wang, W., Lei, J., Burns, A.G., Wiltberger, M., Richmond, A.D., Solomon, S.C., Killeen, T.L., Talaat, E.R., & Anderson, D.N. (2008). Ionospheric electric field variations during a geomagnetic storm simulated by a coupled magnetosphere ionosphere thermosphere (CMIT) model. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L18105. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035155
Fang, T.W., Richmond, A.D., Liu, J.Y., & Maute, A. (2008). Wind dynamo effects on ground magnetic perturbations and vertical drifts. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A11313. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013513
Fang, T.W., Richmond, A.D., Liu, J.Y., Maute, A., Lin, C.H., Chen, C.H., & Harper, B. (2008). Model simulation of the equatorial electrojet in the Peruvian and Philippine sectors. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 70, 2203-2211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2008.04.021
Burns, A.G., Zeng, Z., Wang, W., Lei, J., Solomon, S.C., Richmond, A.D., Killeen, T.L., & Kuo, Y.-H. (2008). The behavior of the F2 peak ionosphere over the South Pacific at dusk during quiet summer conditions from COSMIC data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, A12305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013308
Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Richmond, A.D., & Maruyama, N. (2008). Global modeling of storm-time thermospheric dynamics and electrodynamics. In P.M. Kintner Jr., A.J. Coster, T. Fuller-Rowell, A.J. Mannucci, M. Mendillo, & R. Heelis (Eds.), Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances, Geophysical Monograph Series (Vol. 181, pp. 187-200). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/181GM18
Lu, G., Goncharenko, L.P., Coster, A.J., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., Aponte, N., & Paxton, L.J. (2008). A data-model comparative study of ionospheric positive storm phase in the mid-latitude F-region. In P.M. Kintner Jr., A.J. Coster, T. Fuller-Rowell, A.J. Mannucci, M. Mendillo, R. & Heelis (Eds.), Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances, Geophysical Monograph Series (Vol. 181, pp. 63-75). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/181GM07
Eastes, R.W., McClintock, W.E., Codrescu, M.V., Aksnes, A., Anderson, D.N., Andersson, L., Baker, D.N., Burns, A.G., Budzien, S.A., Daniell, R.E., Dymond, K.F., Eparvier, F.G., Harvey, J.E., Immmel, T.J., Krywonos, A., Lankton, M.R., Lumpe, J.D., Pr\"olss, G.W., Richmond, A.D., Rusch, D.W., Siegmund, O.H., Solomon, S.C., Strickland, D.J., & Woods, T.N. (2008). Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD): New observing capabilities for the ionosphere-thermosphere. In P.M. Kintner Jr., A.J. Coster, T. Fuller-Rowell, A.J. Mannucci, M. Mendillo, & R. Heelis (Eds.), Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances, Geophysical Monograph Series (Vol. 181, pp. 319-326). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. doi:10.1029/181GM29
Deng, Y., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (2009). Impact of electric field variability on Joule heating and thermospheric temperature and density. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L08105. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL036916
Lin, C.H., Richmond, A.D., Liu, J.Y., Bailey, G.J., & Reinisch, B.W. (2009). Theoretical study of new plasma structures at low-latitude ionosphere during a major magnetic storm. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A05303. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013951
Kwak, Y.-S., Richmond, A., Deng, Y., Forbes, J., & Kim, K.-H. (2009). Dependence of the high-latitude thermospheric densities on the interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A05304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013882
Lin, C.H., Richmond, A.D., Bailey, G.J., Liu, J.Y., Lu, G., & Heelis, R.A. (2009). Neutral wind effect in producing a storm-time ionospheric additional layer in the equatorial ionization anomaly region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A09306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014050
Guillas, S., Rougier, J., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., & Linkletter, C.D. (2009). Bayesian calibration of the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM). Geoscientific Model Development, 2, 137-144. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2-137-2009
Fang, T.-W., Kil, H., Millward, G., Richmond, A.D., Liu, J.-Y., & Oh, S.-J. (2009). Causal link of the wave-4 structures in plasma density and vertical plasma drift in the low-latitude ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A10315. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014460
Rougier, J., Guillas, S., Maute, A., & Richmond, A.D. (2009). Expert knowledge and multivariate emulation: the Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM). Technometrics, 51, 414-424. https://doi.org/10.1198/TECH.2009.07123
Liu, H., Wang, W., Richmond, A., & Roble, R. (2010). Ionospheric variability due to planetary waves and tides for solar minimum conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A00G01. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015188
Emmert, J.T., Richmond, A.D., & Drob, D.P. (2010). A computationally compact representation of Magnetic-Apex and Quasi-Dipole coordinates with smooth base vectors. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A08322. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015326
Richmond, A.D. (2010). On the ionospheric application of Poynting's Theorem. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A10311. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015768
Zaka, K.Z., Kobea, A.T., Doumbia, V., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., Mene, N.M., Obrou, O.K., Assamoi, P., Boka, K., Adohi, J.-P., & Amory-Mazaudier, C. (2010). Simulation of electric field and current during the 11 June 1993 disturbance dynamo event: comparison with the observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A11307. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015417
Correction: Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A12314. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016292
Liu, H.-L., Foster, B., Hagan, M.E., McInerney, J., Maute, A., Qian, L., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., Solomon, S.C., Garcia, R.R., Kinnison, D., Marsh, D.R., Smith, A.K., Richter, J., Sassi, F., & Oberheide, J. (2010). Thermosphere extension of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, A12302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015586
Kwak, Y.-S., Richmond, A., Ahn, B.-H., & Cho, K.-S. (2010). Contributions of heating and forcing to the high-latitude lower thermosphere: Dependence on the interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences, 27, 205-212. https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2010.27.3.205
Kwak, Y., Richmond, A., Deng, Y., Ahn, B., & Cho, K. (2010). Sources of the high-latitude thermospheric neutral mass density variations. Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences, 27, 329-335. https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2010.27.4.329
Richmond, A.D. (2011), Electrodynamics of ionosphere-thermosphere coupling, In M.A. Abdu, D. Pancheva, & A. Bhattacharyya (Eds.), Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere (pp. 191-201). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_13
Maruyama, N., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M.V., Anderson, D., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., Sazykin, S., Toffoletto, F.R., Spiro, R.W., Wolf, R.A., & Millward, G.H. (2011). Modeling the storm time electrodynamics. In M.A. Abdu, D. Pancheva, & A. Bhattacharyya (Eds.), Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere (pp. 455-464). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_35
Pedatella, N.M., Forbes, J.M., & Richmond, A.D. (2011). Seasonal and longitudinal variations of the solar quiet (Sq) current system during solar minimum determined by CHAMP satellite magnetic field observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, A04317. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA016289
Kondo, T., Richmond, A.D., Liu, H., Lei, J., & Watanabe, S. (2011). On the formation of a fast thermospheric zonal wind at the magnetic dip equator. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L10101. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047255
Fuller-Rowell, T., Wang, H., Akmaev, R., Wu, F., Fang, T.-W., Iredell, M., & Richmond, A. (2011). Forecasting the dynamic and electrodynamic response to the January 2009 sudden stratospheric warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L13102. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047732
Cnossen, I., Richmond, A.D., Wiltberger, M., Wang, W., & Schmitt, P. (2011). The response of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system to a 25% reduction in the dipole moment of the Earth's magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, A12304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017063
Pedatella, N.M., Forbes, J.M., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., Fang, T.-W., Larson, K.M., & Millward, G. (2011). Longitudinal variations in the F region ionosphere and the topside ionosphere-plasmasphere: Observations and model simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, A12309. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016600
Alken, P., Maus, S., Richmond, A.D., & Maute, A. (2011). The ionospheric gravity and diamagnetic current systems. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, A12316. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017126
Lei, J., Thayer, J.P., Wang, W., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R., Luan, X., Dou, X., Xue, X., & Li, T. (2012). Simulations of the equatorial thermosphere anomaly: Field-aligned ion drag effect. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A01304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017114
Yamazaki, Y., Richmond, A.D., & Yumoto, K. (2012). Stratospheric warmings and the geomagnetic lunar tide: 1958-2007. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A04301. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017514
Wilder, F.D., Crowley, G., Anderson, B.J., & Richmond, A.D. (2012). Intense dayside Joule heating during the 5 April 2010 geomagnetic storm recovery phase observed by AMIE and AMPERE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A05207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017262
Cnossen, I., Richmond, A.D., & Wiltberger, M. (2012). The dependence of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system on the Earth's magnetic dipole moment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A05302. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017555
Marsal, S., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., & Anderson, B.J. (2012). Forcing the TIEGCM model with Birkeland currents from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A06308. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017416
Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (2012). Sources of low-latitude ionospheric ExB drifts and their variability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A06312. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017502
Pedatella, N.M., Liu, H.-L., & Richmond, A.D. (2012). Atmospheric semidiurnal lunar tide climatology simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A06327. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017792
Emery, B.A., Roble, R.G., Ridley, E.C., Richmond, A.D., Knipp, D.J., Crowley, G., Evans, D.S., Rich, F.J., & Maeda, S. (2012). Parameterization of the ion convection and the auroral oval in the NCAR thermospheric general circulation models (Tech. Note NCAR/TN-491+STR, ISSN Electronic Edition 2153-2400). Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6N29TXZ http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-856
Yue, J., Wang, W., Richmond, A.D., & Liu, H.-L. (2012). Quasi-two-day wave coupling of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere-ionosphere in the TIME-GCM: Two-day oscillations in the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A07305. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017815
Pedatella, N.M., Liu, H.-L., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., & Fang, T.-W. (2012). Simulations of solar and lunar tidal variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during sudden stratosphere warmings and their influence on the low-latitude ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A08326. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017858
Huang, Y., Richmond, A.D., Deng, Y., & Roble, R. (2012). Height distribution of Joule heating and its influence on the thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A08334. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017885
Cnossen, I., & Richmond, A.D. (2012). How changes in the tilt angle of the geomagnetic dipole affect the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A10317. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA018056
Lee, I.T., Matsuo, T., Richmond, A.D., Liu, J.Y., Wang, W., Lin, C.H., Anderson, J.L., & Chen, M.Q. (2012). Assimilation of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC electron density profiles into a coupled thermosphere/ionosphere model using ensemble Kalman filtering. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A10318. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA017700
Yamazaki, Y., Richmond, A.D., Liu, Huixin, Yumoto, K., & Tanaka, Y. (2012). Sq current system during stratospheric sudden warming events in 2006 and 2009. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A12313. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA018116
Cnossen, I., & Richmond, A.D. (2013). Changes in the Earth's magnetic field over the past century: Effects on the ionosphere-thermosphere system and solar quiet (Sq) magnetic variation. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 118, 849-858. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JA018447
Liu, H.-L., & Richmond, A.D. (2013). Attribution of ionospheric vertical plasma drift perturbations to large-scale waves and the dependence on solar activity. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 118, 2452-2465. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50265
Yue, J., Wang, W., Richmond, A.D., Liu, H.-L., & Chang, L.C. (2013). Wavenumber broadening of the quasi 2 day planetary wave in the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 118, 3515-3526. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50307
Yamazaki, Y., & Richmond, A.D. (2013). A theory of ionospheric response to upward propagating tides: Electrodynamic effects and tidal mixing effects. Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics, 118, 5891-5905. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50487
Cousins, E.D.P., Matsuo, T., & Richmond, A.D. (2013). Mesoscale and large-scale variability in high-latitude ionospheric convection: Dominant modes and spatial/temporal coherence. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 118, 7895-7904. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019319
Cousins, E.D.P., Matsuo, T., & Richmond, A.D. (2013). SuperDARN assimilative mapping. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 118, 7954-7962. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019321
Richmond, A.D., & Maute, A. (2013). Ionospheric electrodynamics modeling. In J. Huba, R. Schunk, & G. Khazanov (Eds.), Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Geophysical Monograph (Vol. 201, pp. 57-71). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, doi:10.1029/2012GM001331
Also published online as: Richmond, A.D., & Maute, A. (2014). Ionospheric electrodynamics modeling. In J. Huba, R. Schunk, & G. Khazanov (Eds.), Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.ch6
Qian, L., Burns, A.G., Emery, B.A., Foster, B., Lu, G., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., Solomon, S.C., & Wang, W. (2013). The NCAR TIE-GCM: a community model of the coupled thermosphere/ionosphere system. In J. Huba, R. Schunk, & G. Khazanov (Eds.), Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Geophysical Monograph (Vol. 201, pp. 73-83). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, doi:10.1029/2012GM001297
Also published online as: Qian, L., Burns, A.G., Emery, B.A., Foster, B., Lu, G., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., Solomon, S.C., & Wang, W. (2014). The NCAR TIE-GCM: a community model of the coupled thermosphere/ionosphere system. In J. Huba, R. Schunk, & G. Khazanov (Eds.), Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.ch7
Fang, T.-W., Anderson, D., Fuller-Rowell, T., Akmaev, R., Codrescu, M., Millward, G., Sojka, J., Scherliess, L., Eccles, V., Retterer, J., Huba, J., Joyce, G., Richmond, A., Maute, A., Crowley, G., Ridley, A., & Vichare, G. (2013). Comparative studies of theoretical models in the equatorial ionosphere. In J. Huba, R. Schunk, & G. Khazanov (Eds.), Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Geophysical Monograph (Vol. 201, pp. 133-144). Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, doi:10.1029/2012GM001280
Also published online as: Fang, T.-W., Anderson, D., Fuller-Rowell, T., Akmaev, R., Codrescu, M., Millward, G., Sojka, J., Scherliess, L., Eccles, V., Retterer, J., Huba, J., Joyce, G., Richmond, A., Maute, A., Crowley, G., Ridley, A., & Vichare, G. (2014). Comparative studies of theoretical models in the equatorial ionosphere. In J. Huba, R. Schunk, & G. Khazanov (Eds.), Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118704417.ch12
Knipp, D.J., Matsuo, T., Kilcommons, L., Richmond, A., Anderson, B., Korth, H., Redmon, R., Mero, B., & Parrish, N. (2014). Comparison of magnetic perturbation data from LEO satellite constellations: statistics of DMSP and AMPERE. Space Weather, 12, 2-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013SW000987
Maute, A., Hagan, M.E., Richmond, A.D., & Roble, R.G. (2014). TIME-GCM study of the ionospheric equatorial vertical drift changes during the 2006 stratospheric sudden warming. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 119, 1287-1305. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019490
Kwak, Y.-S., & Richmond, A.D. (2014). Dependence of the high-latitude lower thermospheric wind vertical vorticity and horizontal divergence on the interplanetary magnetic field. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 119, 1356-1368. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019589
Yamazaki, Y., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., Wu, Q., Ortland, D.A., Yoshikawa, A., Adimula, I.A., Rabiu, B., Kunitake, M., & Tsugawa, T. (2014). Ground magnetic effects of the equatorial electrojet simulated by the TIE-GCM driven by TIMED satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 119, 3150-3161. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019487
Huang, Y., Richmond, A.D., Deng, Y., Chamberlin, P.C., Qian, L., Solomon, S.C., Roble, R.G., & Xiao Z. (2014). Wavelength dependence of solar irradiance enhancement during X-class flares and its influence on the upper atmosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 115-116, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.10.011
Yamazaki, Y., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., Liu, H.-L., Pedatella, N., & Sassi, F. (2014). On the day-to-day variation of the equatorial electrojet during quiet periods. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 119, 6966-6980. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020243
Oberheide, J., Hagan, M.E., Richmond, A.D., & Forbes, J.M. (2015). Atmospheric Tides. In G.R. North, J. Pyle, & F. Zhang (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, 2nd edition (Vol 2, pp. 287-297). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382225-3.00409-6
Fong, W., Chu, X., Lu, X., Chen, C., Fuller-Rowell, T.J., Codrescu, M., & Richmond, A.D. (2015). Lidar and CTIPe model studies of the fast amplitude growth with height of the diurnal temperature ‘tides’ in the Antarctic winter lower thermosphere and dependence on geomagnetic activity. Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 697-704. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062784
Richmond, A.D., Fang, T.-W., & Maute, A. (2015). Electrodynamics of the equatorial evening ionosphere: 1. Importance of winds in different regions. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 120, 2118-2132. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020934
Richmond, A.D., & Fang, T.-W. (2015). Electrodynamics of the equatorial evening ionosphere: 2. Conductivity influences on convection, current, and electrodynamic energy flow. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 120, 2133-2147. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020935
Matsuo, T., Knipp, D.J., Richmond, A.D., Kilcommons, L., & Anderson, B.J. (2015). Inverse procedure for high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics: Analysis of satellite-borne magnetometer data. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 120, 5241-5251. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020565
Cousins, E.D.P., Matsuo, T., & Richmond, A.D. (2015). Mapping high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics with SuperDARN and AMPERE. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 120, 5854-5870. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020463
Cousins, E.D.P., Matsuo, T., Richmond, A.D., & Anderson, B.J. (2015). Dominant modes of variability in large-scale Birkeland currents. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 120, 6722-6735. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020462
Evonosky, W., Richmond, A.D., Fang, T.-W., & Maute, A. (2016). Ion-neutral coupling effects on low-latitude thermospheric evening winds. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 121, 4638-4646. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022382
Lu, G., Richmond, A.D., Lühr, H., & Paxton, L. (2016). High-latitude energy input and its impact on the thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 121, 7108-7124. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA022294
Pedatella, N.M., Richmond, A.D., Maute, A., & Liu, H.-L. (2016). Impact of semidiurnal tidal variability during SSWs on the mean state of the ionosphere and thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 121, 8077-8088. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA022910
Richmond, A.D. (2016). Ionospheric electrodynamics. In G.V. Khazanov (Ed.), Space Weather Fundamentals, Chapter 14, 245-259. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kwak, Y.-S., & Richmond, A.D. (2017). Relative contributions of momentum forcing and heating to high-latitude lower thermospheric winds. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 122, 1031-1041. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023124
Stolle, C., Olsen, N., Richmond, A., & Opgenoorth, H. (2017). Editorial: Topical volume on Earth's magnetic field--understanding sources from the Earth's interior and its environment. Space Science Reviews, 206, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0346-8
Laundal, K.M., & Richmond, A.D. (2017). Magnetic coordinate systems. Space Science Reviews, 206, 27-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0275-y
Fejer, B.G., Blanc, M., & Richmond, A.D. (2017). Post-storm middle and low latitude ionospheric electric fields effects. Space Science Reviews, 206(1), 407-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0320-x
Alken, P., Maute, A., & Richmond, A.D. (2017). The F-region gravity and pressure gradient current systems: a review. Space Science Reviews, 206, 451-469, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0266-z
Maute, A., & Richmond, A.D. (2017). F-region dynamo simulations at low and mid-latitude. Space Science Reviews, 206, 471-493, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0262-3
Alken, P., Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., Vanhamäki, H., & Egbert, G.D. (2017), An application of principal component analysis to the interpretation of ionospheric current systems. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 122, 5687-5708. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024051
Eastes, R.W., McClintock, W.E., Burns, A.G., Anderson, D.N., Andersson, L., Codrescu, M., Correira, J.T., Daniell, R.E., England, S.L., Evans, J.S., Harvey, J., Krywonos, A., Lumpe, J.D., Richmond, A.D., Rusch, D.W., Siegmund, O., Solomon, S.C., Strickland, D.J., Woods, T.N., Aksnes, A., Budzien, S.A., Dymond, K.F., Eparvier, F.G., Martinis, C.R., & Oberheide, J. (2017). The Global-Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission. Space Science Reviews, 212, 383-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0392-2
Maute, A., & Richmond, A.D. (2017). Examining the magnetic signal due to gravity and plasma pressure gradient current with the TIE-GCM. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122, 12,486-12,504. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024841
Pedatella, N.M., Lu, G., & Richmond, A.D. (2018). Effects of high-latitude forcing uncertainty on the low-latitude and midlatitude ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, 862-882. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024683
Liu, H.-L., Bardeen, C.G., Foster, B.T., Lauritzen, P., Liu, J., Lu, G., Marsh, D.R., Maute, A., McInerney, J.M., Pedatella, N.M., Qian, L., Richmond, A.D., Roble, R.G., Solomon, S.C., Vitt, F.M., & Wang, W. (2018). Development and validation of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM-X 2.0). Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10, 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001232
Schnepf, N.R., M. Nair, A. Maute, N.M. Pedatella, A. Kuvshinov, and A.D. Richmond (2018). A comparison of model-based ionospheric and ocean tidal magnetic signals with observatory data. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 7257-7267. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078487
Zhu, Q., Deng, Y., Richmond, A., & Maute, A. (2018). Small-scale and mesoscale variabilities in the electric field and particle precipitation and their impacts on Joule heating. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123, 9862-9872. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025771
Kwak, Y.-S., & Richmond, A.D. (2019). Analysis of the steady-state available energy budget in the high-latitude lower thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124, 2283-2297. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026388
Zhu, Q., Deng, Y., Richmond, A., McGranaghan, R.M., & Maute, A. (2019). Impacts of multiscale field-aligned currents (FACs) on the ionosphere-thermosphere: GITM simulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124, 3532-3542. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026082
Richmond, A.D. (2019). Thermosphere-ionosphere model development: A personal perspective. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124, 9154-9165. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027273
Zhu, Q., Deng, Y., Richmond, A., Maute, A., Chen, Y.-J., Hairston, M., Kilcommons, L., Knipp, D., Redmon, R., & Mitchell, E. (2020). Impacts of binning methods on high-latitude electrodynamic forcing: static vs boundary-oriented binning methods. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027270. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027270
Solomon, S.C., Andersson, L., Burns, A.G., Eastes, R.W., Martinis, C., McClintock, W.E., & Richmond, A.D. (2020). Global-scale observations and modeling of far-ultraviolet airglow during twilight. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2019JA027645. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027645
Maute, A., Richmond, A.D., Lu, G., Knipp, D., Shi, Y., & Anderson, B. (2021). Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling via prescribed field-aligned current simulated by the TIEGCM. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028665. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028665
Liu, J., Qian, L., Maute, A., Wang, W., Richmond, A.D., Chen, J., Lei, J., Zhang, Q., & Xing, Z. (2021). Electrodynamical coupling of the geospace system during solar flares. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2020JA028569. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028569
Richmond, A.D. (2021). Joule heating in the thermosphere. In W. Wang & Y. Zhang (Eds.), Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics (AGU Geophysical Monograph 261), pp. 3-18. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, doi:10.1002/9781119815631.ch1
Kwak, Y.-S., & Richmond, A.D. (2021). Momentum and energy budgets in the high-latitude lower thermospheric wind system. In W. Wang & Y. Zhang (Eds.), Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Energetics (AGU Geophysical Monograph 261), pp. 19-40. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, doi:10.1002/9781119815631.ch2
Chu, X., Chen, Y., Cullens, C.Y., Yu, Z., Xu, Z., Zhang, S.-R, Huang, W., Jandreau, J., Immel, T.J., & Richmond, A.D. (2021). Mid-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere Na (TINa) layers observed with high-sensitivity Na doppler lidar over Boulder (40.13ºN, 105.24ºW). Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL093729. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093729
Richmond, A.D. (2022). Foreword. In Y. Kamide, Y. Otsuka, Enigma of the Skies, Unveiling the Secrets of Auroras, pp. v-vi. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., https://doi.org/10.1142/12057
